Today, the 21st of Ramadan, marks the solemn anniversary of the martyrdom of Hazrat Ali ibn Abi Talib (RA), the fourth Caliph of Islam and the cousin and son-in-law of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Known for his unparalleled bravery, deep wisdom, and unwavering justice, his legacy continues to inspire millions across the globe.
Early Life
Born in the 30th Year of the Elephant (c. 600 CE) within the precincts of the Holy Kaaba, Hazrat Ali’s lineage joined the Prophet’s through their grandfather, Abd al-Muttalib. Raised in the household of the Prophet (PBUH), Ali was the first child to embrace Islam at the age of ten, after witnessing the Prophet and Hazrat Khadija (RA) in prayer.
The Lion of God
Hazrat Ali’s military prowess was legendary. At the Battle of Badr, he was among the three warriors chosen to lead the opening combat, swiftly defeating the Quraish champions. His bravery earned him a status the Prophet (PBUH) famously likened to the relationship between Aaron and Moses, stating: “You hold the same status for me as Aaron for Moses, but there would be no Prophet after me.”
Caliphate
Following the tumult of the era, Hazrat Ali accepted the Caliphate on the 28th of Dhul al-Hijjah, 35 AH, only after the insistence of the people. His first sermon in the Prophet’s Mosque established his philosophy of leadership: a mandate based on the will of the people and accountability before Allah.
The Final Days and Martyrdom
The martyrdom of Hazrat Ali was the result of a conspiracy by Kharijite extremists following the Battle of Nahrawan. On the morning of 17th Ramadan, while entering the mosque in Kufa for Dawn (Fajr) prayers and calling the people to worship, he was struck on the forehead by a poisoned sword wielded by Abd al-Rahman ibn Muljam.
Even in his final moments, Hazrat Ali’s commitment to justice remained unshaken. He instructed his son, Imam Hasan (RA):
“If I survive, it will be up to me whether I pardon or punish him. If I die, kill him the same way he tried to kill me. O Hasan! If I die, kill him with a single strike of the same sword. Do not mutilate his dead body and do not kill anyone other than this man.”
Legacy of Wisdom
Hazrat Ali passed away on the 21st of Ramadan, 40 AH. His final advice to his sons, Hasan and Husayn (RA), emphasized family unity, kindness to their younger brother Mohammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah, and steadfastness in faith. He breathed his last after reciting the Shahada, leaving behind a legacy as the “Gate of Knowledge” and a paragon of Islamic justice.
Explore the complete life and legacy of Hazrat Ali (RA) in the detailed historical biography.
